Real Estate Agent License Requirements

Becoming a licensed real estate agent involves meeting state-specific education, examination, and application requirements. While the general licensing process is similar across the United States, each state sets its own rules regarding pre-licensing education hours, exams, background checks, and renewal obligations.

This page provides a national overview of how real estate agent licensing works and links to detailed state-by-state requirements so you can understand exactly what is required where you plan to work.

What Does a Real Estate Agent Do?

A real estate agent represents buyers, sellers, landlords, or tenants in property transactions. Agents assist clients by marketing properties, conducting showings, negotiating contracts, and guiding transactions through closing. Because agents handle large financial transactions and legal documents, states regulate the profession through mandatory licensing.

Is a Real Estate License Required?

Yes.
In all U.S. states, you must hold an active real estate agent (salesperson) license to legally represent clients in real estate transactions for compensation.

Licensing helps ensure that agents:

Understand real estate laws and contracts
Follow ethical standards
Protect consumers during property transactions

General Real Estate Agent Licensing Process

Although details vary by state, the typical licensing process includes the following steps:

1. Meet Basic Eligibility Requirements

Most states require applicants to:

Be at least 18 or 19 years old
Hold a high school diploma or equivalent
Be legally eligible to work in the U.S.

2. Complete Pre-Licensing Education

States require completion of approved real estate coursework, usually ranging from 40 to 180 hours, depending on the jurisdiction.

3. Pass the Real Estate Licensing Exam

Applicants must pass a state-administered exam covering:

National real estate principles
State-specific real estate laws and regulations

4. Submit an Application and Background Check

Most states require:

Fingerprinting
Criminal background check
Application fee

5. Activate the License With a Sponsoring Broker

New agents must typically affiliate with a licensed real estate broker to practice legally.

State Real Estate Regulatory Authorities

Each state regulates real estate agents through a designated authority, such as:

Department of Real Estate
Real Estate Commission
Licensing Board

These agencies approve education providers, administer exams, issue licenses, and enforce compliance.

License Renewal and Continuing Education

Real estate licenses must be renewed periodically—usually every 2 to 4 years. Renewal requirements often include:

Continuing education (CE) hours
Ethics training
Renewal fees

Failure to renew on time may result in license suspension or expiration.

Reciprocity and Out-of-State Licensing

Some states offer reciprocity or recognition for agents licensed in other states. This may allow qualified agents to:

Waive portions of pre-licensing education
Take only a state-law exam

Reciprocity rules vary widely and should be reviewed carefully.